What is "bone grafting" and can it be avoided?

Bone grafting is one of the key procedures in modern dental implantology. It is used to restore lost bone tissue, which is crucial for the successful placement of dental implants. In this article, we will discuss when bone grafting is necessary, the methods and materials used, the recovery process, and whether it can be avoided.

Why is bone grafting necessary? 

Bone loss can be caused by various factors such as:

• Prolonged absence of teeth, leading to resorption of the jawbone;
• Periodontal diseases that destroy the supporting structures of the teeth;
• Trauma or infections in the jaw area.

When bone tissue is insufficient, placing an implant becomes impossible or risky. Bone grafting provides the necessary stability and strength for the successful integration of the implant.

Types of bone grafts

There are different types of bone graft materials that are selected based on the specific case:

1. Autogenous grafts:

• Uses bone from the patient's own body, most often from the lower jaw, femur, or other donor areas.
• This method has a high success rate because the tissue is biologically compatible.

2. Allogeneic grafts:

• Uses bone tissue from a donor, which is processed and sterilized.
• Suitable for patients who do not want to use their own bone.

3. Xenogenic grafts:

• Bone material from animal sources, typically from cows or pigs.
• These materials are purified to avoid infections and allergic reactions.

4. Synthetic materials:

• Artificial substitutes that contain calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, or other minerals.
• These materials stimulate the growth of new bone, but integration may take more time.

Bone Grafting Procedure

Bone grafting is typically performed under local anesthesia and involves the following steps:

1. Preparation of the area:

• The doctor opens the gums to provide access to the bone.

2. Placement of the bone graft:

• The material is carefully positioned in the area with insufficient bone.

3. Fixation:

• The graft may be secured with a membrane or screws to ensure stability.

4. Stitching:

• Тhe gums are stitched to protect the area and speed up healing.

Recovery Period

After the procedure, the patient may experience mild discomfort, swelling, or pain, which can be managed with prescribed medication. Recovery typically takes 4-6 months, during which the graft integrates with the natural bone. During this period, it is important to strictly follow the dentist's instructions, including maintaining good oral hygiene and avoiding solid foods.

Success and Risks

Bone grafting is a highly effective procedure, with a success rate of 90-95%. However, like any surgical intervention, it carries risks, such as infection, graft rejection, or insufficient integration. Therefore, it is important for the procedure to be performed by a qualified specialist.

How can bone grafting be avoided?

Basal implants are a way to avoid bone grafting, as these implants are placed in the deeper basal bone, which is denser and more stable.

Bone grafting is a key step for the successful placement of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone tissue, but modern medicine has also created a solution that allows for a long-term resolution of the problem WITHOUT this type of surgery.

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